20May

ADHD Meaning

The existing evidence suggests that both rare and many common genetic variants contribute to ADHD and vary its phenotypic presentation. Children with a history of prematurity, a low birth weight, or exposure to adverse circumstances are also at a higher risk of developing ADHD or a similar phenotype.

Around 1-3% of kids have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Comorbidity with a wide range of psychiatric diseases, developmental and learning issues, and both is very high. Although there isn’t a single risk factor that causes ADHD, and non-inherited variables also play a role in its genesis, the disorder is very heritable. The neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric outcomes that the implicated genetic and environmental risk factors seem to be linked to include more than simply ADHD.

Like other prevalent medical and mental conditions (such as schizophrenia and asthma), ADHD is influenced by a number of genes, non-inherited variables, and their interactions. 5 ADHD has multiple causes, and being exposed to a risk factor does not guarantee the development of the illness. This implies that a risk factor will only be seen in a certain percentage of cases and will also be present in healthy individuals. Additionally, risk factors that affect ADHD’s course and consequences may not always be the same as those that contribute to the disorder’s origins.

The fact that genetic and environmental factors can interact to produce indirect risk effects adds another layer of complexity. Gene-environment interactions, such as those caused by environmental pollutants or psychosocial hardship, can cause changes in susceptibility to environmental dangers. Additionally, inherited variables can affect the likelihood of being exposed to specific environmental dangers. This means that the impacts of hereditary and environmental risk factors cannot be completely separated.

ADHD

Diagnosis And Symptoms

Many kids could struggle to sit still, wait their time, pay attention, not fidget, and not act impulsively. The difference between normal children and those who fulfill diagnostic criteria for ADHD is that the latter group’s symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, organization, and/or inattention are markedly worse than those that would be normal for their age or stage of development. Significant discomfort as well as issues at home, at school, or work as well as in interpersonal interactions result from these symptoms. Not being able to understand tasks or directions or being disobedient are not the causes of the symptoms that have been seen.

Also Read:

ADHD comes in three primary forms:

  • Predominantly inattentive presentation.
  • Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation.
  • Combined presentation.

A diagnosis is made based on the existence of enduring symptoms that have developed over time and have been apparent over the previous six months. Although ADHD can be identified at any age, this illness first manifests in young children. The symptoms must have been bothersome in more than one setting and have been present before the person is 12 years old when the diagnosis is being made. For instance, the symptoms may appear somewhere else at home.

Adults And ADHD

Numerous kids with ADHD will continue to satisfy the criteria for the condition as they age and may manifest impairments that call for continuing therapy (Pliszka, 2007). However, occasionally a childhood ADHD diagnosis is overlooked. Many adults with ADHD are unaware that they are affected. The use of adult rating scales or checklists, a medical exam, and a review of previous and present symptoms are all common components of a thorough examination.

Adults with ADHD may receive therapy, medication, or both types of treatment. Support from close relatives, as well as behavior management techniques like measures to reduce distractions and improve structure and organization, might be beneficial.

The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Americans with Disabilities Act recognize ADHD as a disability (ADA). As a result, organizations that receive federal support are not allowed to discriminate against people with disabilities. People with ADHD symptoms who are impaired at work may be eligible for reasonable work accommodations under the ADA.

7May

Depression Wallpaper

“Don’t blame yourself for your mental illness; there are various causes, including trauma, genetic predisposition, the side effects of other health disorders, or even no evident cause at all. “But you should prioritize the things that make you happier and help you move forward in life.”

The use of medicine or consultation with a psychotherapist is two examples. Adjustments to one’s way of life include things like resting sufficiently, learning to meditate, getting out into nature, and doing regular exercise. (These are some of the reasons why doctors and psychologists recommend walking.)

Something else that can be useful? Depressingly reading quotes on mental illness. Reading depression quotes can help you see that you are not alone in your feelings. the situation could be brightened up with their support.

♦ “Depression is your body saying, ‘I don’t want to be this character anymore. It’s too much for me.’ You should think of the word ‘depressed’ as ‘deep rest.’ Your body needs to be depressed. It needs deep rest from the character that you’ve been trying to play.” —Jim Carrey

Also Read:

♦ “Depression is melancholy minus its charms.” ―Susan Sontag

♦ “The hardest thing about depression is that it is addictive. It begins to feel uncomfortable not to be depressed. You feel guilty for feeling happy.” ―Pete Wentz

♦ “After every Olympics, I think I fell into a major state of depression, and after 2012 that was probably the hardest fall for me. I didn’t want to be in the sport anymore. I didn’t want to be alive anymore. I think people actually finally understand [depression is] real. People are talking about it and I think this is the only way that it can change.” —Michael Phelps

♦ “Whenever someone tells me to ‘Just be happy,’ I want to yell, ‘Oh, hey, depression’s gone! Why didn’t I think of that?’ But usually, I just roll my eyes instead.” —Anonymous

♦ “What they don’t tell you about depression is that sometimes it feels a lot less like sadness and a lot more like the emotional equivalent of watching paint dry.” —Alexis, Tumblr

♦ “People who have never dealt with depression think it’s just being sad or being in a bad mood. That’s not what depression is for me; it’s falling into a state of grayness and numbness.” —Dan Reynolds, Imagine Dragons

♦ “Depression is feeling like you’ve lost something but having no clue when or where you last had it. Then one day you realize what you lost is yourself.” —Unknown

♦ “Sometimes I just think depression’s one way of coping with the world. Like, some people get drunk, some people do drugs, and some people get depressed. Because there’s so much stuff out there that you have to do something to deal with it.” —Ned Vizzini, author

♦ “Our Generation has had no Great War, no Great Depression. Our war is spiritual. Our depression is our lives.” —Chuck Palahniuk, writer

♦ “Depression is being colorblind and constantly told how colorful the world is.” —Atticus’s poetry

♦ “Listen to the people who love you. Believe that they are worth living for even when you don’t believe it. Seek out the memories depression takes away and project them into the future. Be brave; be strong; take your pills. Exercise because it’s good for you even if every step weighs a thousand pounds. Eat when the food itself disgusts you. Reason with yourself when you have lost your reason.” ―Andrew Solomon

♦ “In my opinion, living with manic depression takes a tremendous amount of balls. Not unlike a tour of Afghanistan (though the bombs and bullets, in this case, come from the inside). At times, being bipolar can be an all-consuming challenge, requiring a lot of stamina and even more courage, so if you’re living with this illness and functioning at all, it’s something to be proud of, not ashamed of. They should issue medals along with the steady stream of medication.” ―Carrie Fisher, Wishful Drinking

Click on the link to download HD Depression Wallpapers:

 

7May

ADHD Disorder

According to the available data, both uncommon and numerous common genetic variations are likely to contribute to ADHD and alter its phenotypic. Additionally, very low birth weight, premature, and adversity-exposed children tend to be more likely to have ADHD or a related phenotype.

Around 1-3% of kids have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Comorbidity with a wide range of psychiatric diseases, developmental and learning issues, and both is very high. Although there isn’t a single risk factor that causes ADHD, and non-inherited variables also play a role in its genesis, the disorder is very heritable. The neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric outcomes that the implicated genetic and environmental risk factors seem to be linked to include more than simply ADHD.

Like other prevalent medical and mental conditions (such as schizophrenia and asthma), ADHD is influenced by a number of genes, non-inherited variables, and their interactions. 5 ADHD has multiple causes, and being exposed to a risk factor does not guarantee the development of the illness. This implies that a risk factor will only be seen in a certain percentage of cases and will also be present in healthy individuals. Additionally, risk factors that affect ADHD’s course and consequences may not always be the same as those that contribute to the disorder’s origins.

The fact that genetic and environmental factors can interact to produce indirect risk effects adds another layer of complexity. Gene-environment interactions, such as those caused by environmental pollutants or psychosocial hardship, can cause changes in susceptibility to environmental dangers. Additionally, inherited variables can affect the likelihood of being exposed to specific environmental dangers. This means that the impacts of hereditary and environmental risk factors cannot be completely separated.

What Is ADHD Disorder?

Diagnosis And Symptoms

Many kids could struggle to sit still, wait their time, pay attention, not fidget, and not act impulsively. The difference between normal children and those who fulfill diagnostic criteria for ADHD is that the latter group’s symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, organization, and/or inattention are markedly worse than those that would be normal for their age or stage of development. Significant discomfort as well as issues at home, at school, or work as well as in interpersonal interactions result from these symptoms. Not being able to understand tasks or directions or being disobedient are not the causes of the symptoms that have been seen.

Also Read:

ADHD comes in three primary forms:

  • Predominantly inattentive presentation.
  • Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation.
  • Combined presentation.

A diagnosis is made based on the existence of enduring symptoms that have developed over time and have been apparent over the previous six months. Although ADHD can be identified at any age, this illness first manifests in young children. The symptoms must have been bothersome in more than one setting and have been present before the person is 12 years old when the diagnosis is being made. For instance, the symptoms may appear somewhere else at home.

Adults And ADHD

Numerous kids with ADHD will continue to satisfy the criteria for the condition as they age and may manifest impairments that call for continuing therapy (Pliszka, 2007). However, occasionally a childhood ADHD diagnosis is overlooked. Many adults with ADHD are unaware that they are affected. The use of adult rating scales or checklists, a medical exam, and a review of previous and present symptoms are all common components of a thorough examination.

Adults with ADHD may receive therapy, medication, or both types of treatment. Support from close relatives, as well as behavior management techniques like measures to reduce distractions and improve structure and organization, might be beneficial.

The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Americans with Disabilities Act recognize ADHD as a disability (ADA). As a result, organizations that receive federal support are not allowed to discriminate against people with disabilities. People with ADHD symptoms who are impaired at work may be eligible for reasonable work accommodations under the ADA.

7May

Bipolar Disorder Meaning

A person’s mindset, energy level, and power for function can alter as a result of bipolar illness, a brain disorder. Bipolar disorder patients go through strong emotional states known as mood episodes, which often happen over discrete intervals of days to weeks. Manic/hypomanic (an abnormally cheerful or angry mood) or depression are the two classifications for these mood episodes (sad mood). Most bipolar patients also have periods of neutral mood. Bipolar disease sufferers can live full and productive lives if given the right treatment.

Even those who do not have bipolar disorder go through mood swings. These mood swings, meanwhile, usually only last a few hours as opposed to days. Furthermore, unlike during mood episodes, these alterations are typically not accompanied by the significant degree of behavior change or difficulties adjusting to regular activities and social interactions that bipolar illness sufferers exhibit. A person with bipolar disorder may experience difficulties at work or at school, as well as in their relationships with their loved ones.

Three distinct diagnoses fall under the umbrella of bipolar disorder: bipolar I, bipolar II, and cyclothymic disorder.

Eighty to ninety percent of those with bipolar disorder have a family member who also has the condition or is depressed. Stress, irregular sleep patterns, narcotics, and alcohol can all cause mood swings in persons who are already vulnerable. Although the exact brain-based origins of bipolar disorder are unknown, dysregulated brain activity is thought to be caused by a chemical imbalance. 25 years old on average is the onset age.

Anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, and/or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are typically present in people with bipolar I disorder (ADHD). Compared to the general population, those with bipolar I disorder have a much-increased risk of suicide.

Bipolar Disorder Reaction

Bipolar illness patients might experience extreme highs of happiness and vigor as well as extreme lows of melancholy, hopelessness, and sluggishness. Usually, people feel normal in the intervals between those times. Bipolar disorder is so named because the highs and lows can be compared to two “poles” of emotion.

Also Read:

Do Different Bipolar Disorders Exist?

Bipolar disorder comes in a variety of forms, including:

Bipolar I disorder: With bipolar I disorder, your conduct is incredibly unstable and you experience manic “up” phases that last at least a week or are so severe that you require medical attention. Extreme “down” episodes that last at least two weeks are also typical.

Bipolar II disorder: Although the highs and lows are irregular with bipolar II conditions, they are not as severe as they are with bipolar I.

Cyclothymic Disorder: This type includes manic and depressed episodes that span at least two years in adults or one year in children and adolescents. Compared to bipolar disorder I or II, the symptoms are less severe.

Rapid Cycling: Rapid cycling is a term used to characterize the course of the illness in people with bipolar I or II disorder; it is not a kind of bipolar disorder. It is applicable when there are four or more mood episodes within a year. This sort of illness course affects women more frequently than males, and it can appear and disappear at any point during the course of bipolar disorder. Rapid cycling has a higher risk of suicidal thoughts or actions and is primarily fueled by depression.

Misuse of drugs or alcohol can increase the number of episodes in people with bipolar disorder of any kind. A dual diagnosis, or having both bipolar disorder and alcohol use disorder, necessitates assistance from a specialist who can handle both problems.

“Unspecified” or “other specified” bipolar disorder: The terms “unspecified” or “other specified” bipolar disorder (previously known as “bipolar disorder not otherwise specified”) are now used to refer to conditions in which a person only exhibits a small number of the mood and energy symptoms that characterize a manic or hypomanic episode, or in which the symptoms may not last long enough to be considered as distinct “episodes.”

 

Bipolar Disorder Moods

 

7May

Depression Test

Depression might be more than simply a continuously depressed or “blue” feeling.

A major depressive episode can manifest in a number of ways. Some influence your body while others influence your mood. Additionally, symptoms might continue or come and go.

A mood disorder is a condition that incorporates depression. Anger, unhappiness, or failure feelings that interfere during daily activity are some common descriptions.

Without the right treatment, depression is regarded as a dangerous medical illness that might worsen.

Test For Depression

No single test exists to identify depression. However, based on your symptoms and the results of a psychological assessment, your healthcare professional can make a diagnosis.

They typically probe you with a series of inquiries concerning your:

Moods, hunger, sleep habits, level of activity, and thoughts
Your healthcare provider may also perform a physical examination and request blood work because depression has been connected to other health issues. Sometimes depressive symptoms might be brought on by thyroid issues or a vitamin D shortage.

It’s critical to not disregard depressive disorder symptoms. Seek medical assistance if your mood doesn’t get better or grows worse. There is a chance of difficulties with depression, a significant mental health condition.

Complications might include trusted sources:

  • self-harm
  • drug usage disorder
  • suicidal thoughts due to social isolation
  • panic disorders
  • loss or increase in weight
  • relationship difficulties
  • a physical hurt

Also Read:

General Symptoms And Signs (Depression Symptoms, Symptoms Of Depression )

The symptoms of depression vary from person to person. The degree, regularity, and duration of symptoms can all vary.

You may have depression if you have experienced some of the warning signs and symptoms listed below nearly every day for at least two weeks:

  • feeling depressed, worried, or empty
  • feeling useless, cynical, and hopeless
  • crying a lot feeling upset, irritated, or furious losing interest in
  • activities and pursuits you once found enjoyable
  • reduced energy or weariness
  • the trouble with concentration, memory, or decision-making
  • moving or speaking more slowly, having trouble falling asleep,
  • waking up early, or staying up late, and experiencing changes in appetite or weight
  • persistent physical discomfort with no apparent cause that does not improve with treatment (headaches, aches or pains, digestive problems, cramps)
  • Self-harm, suicide attempts, or death-related ideas

What Is Test For Depression?

What’s The Frequency Of Depression?

Depression is a widespread condition. Nearly 7% of American citizens, according to healthcare professionals, suffer from depression each year. Over 16% of American adults, or roughly 1 in 6, may experience depression at some point in their lives.

Depression Syndrome: How Is It Identified?

Everybody occasionally experiences sadness or depression. However, the symptoms of clinical depression are more severe and continue for at least two weeks.

Your healthcare professional will question you in order to ascertain whether you suffer from clinical depression. You can offer a family history and answer a questionnaire. In order to determine whether you have any further medical conditions, your doctor may also conduct an examination or request lab testing.

Who Is Most Prone To Depression?

Nobody is immune to depression, regardless of age, gender, or situation. Depression affects over 16 million Americans each year.

Depression may affect women more frequently than it does males. Additionally, having at least one depressing episode in your life is more likely if you have certain medical conditions or genetics.

Who Is Most Prone To Depression?

Is It Possible To Stop Depression?

By getting adequate sleep, maintaining a nutritious diet, and engaging in regular self-care practices like yoga, meditation, and exercise, you can help prevent depression.

If you’ve previously struggled with depression, you could be more prone to do so again. Get treatment if you are experiencing symptoms of depression. You can recover more quickly with care.

 

29Apr

Mental Retardation Definition

Having below-average IQ and living skills is what we mean when we talk about people with mental retardation (sometimes called intellectual disability). It is found in both young people and adults whose brains do not mature or operate normally.

Intellectual impairment primarily impacts two domains:

♦ Rational cognition, often known as I.Q. (Intelligence Quotient; a score on a standardized intelligence test),: Thinking, reasoning, learning, making decisions, and solving issues fall under this category. The typical person has an intelligence level of 100. Someone with an intelligence score (IQ) below seventy-five is classified as having an intellectual disability.

♦ Adaptation behaviors are those that are crucial to survival and include things like communicating with others, taking care of oneself, and interacting with others.

Mental retardation typically manifests before the age of 18 years old. A person with an intellectual disability will struggle to learn and accomplish routine tasks, such as getting dressed and brushing their teeth, that are second nature to most individuals. Cerebral palsy and Down syndrome are two examples of intellectual disability.

Also Read:

Mental Retardation Symptoms

The symptoms of intellectual disability vary according to the severity of the disability. Retardation is classified into four levels:

  • Mild Mental Retardation

  • Moderate Mental Retardation

  • Severe Mental Retardation

  • Profound Mental Retardation

Depending on how far along the disability is, different symptoms apply. The typical ones consist of:

  • Having problems with reading and writing​

  • Being socially immature

  • Having a below-average IQ

  • Having other conditions including autism, epilepsy, or physical disability

  • Being slower in understanding and using language

  • Being unable to live independently

  • Having impaired motor skills

  • Seizures

Other behavioral signs, such as: may also accompany these symptoms.

  • Aggression

  • Dependency

  • Withdrawal from social activities

  • Attention-seeking

  • Depression

  • Impulsiveness

  • Getting easily frustrated

  • Short attention span​

Physical deformities including a bent spine and distorted facial features do occur occasionally.​​​

Treatment And Services

Depending on the condition, several treatments are used for mental retardation. If the symptoms you or a loved one are experiencing are minor, you might just only a minimal amount of treatment and medicine. Advanced cases necessitate extensive treatment and therapy. Although they can treat symptoms, medications cannot treat the underlying problem. Medication that is frequently administered includes:

  • Antidepressants: used to treat depression.

  • Anti-anxiety medications: used to treat anxiety disorders, help reduce agitation and manage insomnia.

  • Mood-stabilizing medications: commonly used to treat bipolar disorders, which involve alternating between mania and depression.

  • Antipsychotic medications: used to treat psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia.​

  • Anti-epileptic drugs to treat seizures

Psychotherapy is an additional choice, which entails meeting with a psychotherapist and going over your condition, moods, feelings, and behaviors. Your therapist will assist you in lowering your stress levels and learning more effective symptom management techniques. Speech therapy, physical therapy, and treatment for substance misuse (such as drug or alcohol addiction) are further forms of therapy.​​

Test And Diagnosis 

Your doctor will evaluate the patient’s intellectual and social abilities to determine if mental retardation is the cause. This assessment involves the following three steps:

  • Interviews with parents

  • Observations of the child

  • Standard tests

Both the IQ and social skills of a youngster are measured using standard exams. These include the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test. The child’s culture, socioeconomic position, and family history all affect the testing and results. The development of a diagnosis will be based on test results and family history.

You will speak with a variety of medical practitioners during the screening process, including:

  • Psychologists

  • Speech therapists

  • Pediatric neurologists

  • Physical therapists

Before determining that you have mental retardation, your doctor will make an effort to rule out other reasons of learning challenges, such as hearing loss, learning disorders, neurological illnesses, and emotional issues.​​